Abstract.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) remains a health problem in Indonesia as well as in many other countries. According to Medical Record of Regional Hospital of Arifin Achmad (RHAA) Riau Province, the incidence of   DM has been rising along since recent three years. About 258 cases of DM had recorded in the year 2003-2004 (mean = 129 cases) and rising about 158 case in 2005. One of the strategies to decrease and manage this disease is by the screening risk factors besides an adequate therapy. The objective of this study is to assess the risk factors for diabetes mellitus such as age, family history of diabetes, dietary habits, knowledge about DM and type of personality among patient with diabetes mellitus. A case-control study was conducted on 154 Patient from RHAA Riau Province. Cases included 79 patient identified as a diabetes mellitus and controls include 75 patient who did not suffer diabetes mellitus. Data of age, family history of diabetes, dietary habits and type of personality was taken by questionnaire diabetes risk factors. There was association between several risk factors and incidence of diabetes mellitus, include; age [odds ratio (OR) = 6, 45; p= 0,000, PAR= 0, 84], family history of diabetes mellitus (OR= 3, 75; p = 0,001, PAR= 0, 73), knowledge about diabetes mellitus (OR= 0, 13; p = 0,000, PAR= -6, 7/as a protective factor). However, there was no association between type of personality and incidence of diabetes mellitus (OR= 50.4; p = 0,479, PAR= 0, 98) and also dietary habits (OR= 1, 06; p = 0,896, PAR= 0 06). These findings suggest a complex interaction among age factor, family history of diabetes, knowledge about DM, dietary habits and type of personality with the incidence of DM in RHAA Riau Province.

Keywords: risk factors, diabetes mellitus, type of personality 

Red fruit  (Pandanus conoideus Lam) is an endemic plant in Eastern Indonesia especially in Papua. This fruit has been used since many years ago for various purposes such as daily food consumption, traditional medicine, handycraft etc. As traditional medicine it is believed that this fruit  can cure many diseases like cancer, AIDS, arthritis and many others.  This advantage might be due to it’s rich antioxidant substances such as β carotene and α tocopherol.  This study was conducted to investigate anticarcinogenic effect and hepatotoxicity of red fruit supplementation on rat during chemically carcinogenesis induce. Twenty four rat were divided into four groups such as: acetylaminoflorene group (AAF), which was treated with AAF 40µg daily for 8 weeks; Red Fruit oil group (RFO) was supplemented with Red Fruid oil 10 ml/KgBW/day; Red Fruit and acetylaminoflorene group (RFO+AAF), was given RFO 10ml/kgBW/day and AAF 40 µg daily for 8 weeks; the last group was control group (Control), treated with pure water and standard diet ad libitum. At the end 8^th weeks of treatment, the rat were sacrificed, plasma and liver organ were collected.  Sialic acid level in plasma was measured to assess carcinogenic process and  this assay confirmed with histopathological examination.  To asses hepatoxicity, we examine SGPT plasma level and confirmed with histopathological examination. Result of this study showed that the red fruit oil has no significant anticarcinogenic effect on liver carcinogenesis but it’s supplementation could cause liver damaged, as indicated by the elevation of  SGPT plasma level.

Keywords: anti carcinogenicity, toxicity, AAF, SGPT, Sialic Acid

* Departement Histologi  Faculty of Medicine University of Riau. Alamat Jl. Diponegoro No.1 Pekanbaru. Telp. O761 839264

Abstract.

Subjects with diabetes are at high risk for many longterm complications, including early mortality and coronary artery disease (CAD). Dyslipidemia contributes significantly to CHD in diabetic patients, in whom lipid abnormalities include hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol, and increased levels of small dense LDL particles. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of  P. conoideus Lam. on levels of LDL cholesterol.Thirty  male rat were used throughout the study, and randomly selected. The animals were devided into two group, each group were 15 rat. Each group were devided into 3 subgroup, the first group  named subgroup1, 2, 3 and the second group named subgroup 4, 5, 6. Streptozotocin was injected intraperitoneally at a single dose of 60 mg/kg for induction of diabetes in second group. Subgroup 1 and 4 not received anything, subgroup 2 and 5 received glibenclamide 0,09 gr/ kgBW/day and subgroup 3 and 6 received P. conoideus Lam. 0,3 mL/kgBW/day and glibenclamide 0,09 gr/ kgBW/day.  Rats were given P. conoideus Lam. and glibenclamide everyday for 14 day. Level of HDL cholesterol  was  evaluated in overnight fasted at day 14. Blood were collected from orbital sinuses. Level of LDL cholesterol were determined using enzymatic calorimetric test. The data was compared statistically using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post-hoc test. The  combination of P. conoideus Lam. and glibenclamide produced significant increased levels of small HDL particles if comparable with that of standard drug, glibenclamide also control groups in normal and diabetic rats. In can be concluded that P. conoideus Lam could  increase levels of small HDL particles    in diabetic rats.

Keywords : Diabetes, P. conoideus. Lam, HDL

Abstract

Induction of carcinogenesis had done in wistar rats with N,2-Fluorenilacetamide (FAA) 40 mg. This study was conducted to investigate alteration of proteasome concentration in rats plasma and liver homogenate during during carcinogenesis. The rats were divided randomly into 2 groups ; control group (KK), which only received bidistilled water and group of treatment (KP), induced by FAA, The rats were sacrificed in the fourth  and eighth week after treatment. Some parts of the liver were taken for histological examination and the rest were homogenized. Concentration of proteasome were determined from liver homogenates and plasma used ELISA method. This study showed that  proteasome concentration of rats plasma were increased in precancer; elevation of liver proteasome were detected before plasma and  histological examination.

Keyword  : proteasome, carcinogenesis, FAA.

¹ Coresponding Author. Bagian Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran universitas Riau, Jl. Diponegoro No. 1 Pekanbaru Telp. 0761 839264. ² Bagian Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjajaran. ³ Bagian Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjajaran Bandung.

Abstract.

The benefit and efficacy of garlic (Allium sativum) and eugenol in the treatment of dental caries has shown  that both coumpounds have antibacterial activity, inhibiting and killing bacteria that cause dental caries. This study was to know the potency of antibacterial activity of garlic extract compared with eugenol against S. mutans. This study was a laboratory experimental design had done serial dilution method and coloni counting with different contact time. The study used statistical designs including Complete Randomized Block Design,  Factorial Complete Randomized Design and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The result of this study indicated that garlic extract has The Minimal Inhibititory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of garlic extract against S. mutans were 3,125% and 6,25%. The MIC and MBC of  eugenol against S. mutans were 6,25% and 12,5%, The different contanct time gave rise the significant decrease of colonization of  S. mutans. The concentration indicating MIC with 48-hour contact time showed the significant reduction in colonization, while MBC with 72-hour contact time showed optimum for both garlic extract and eugenol to kill S. mutans. The statistical analysis indicated significant result for S. mutans (F number > F tab at a = 0,05). Duncan’s Multiple Range  Test also indicated the significant mean difference between garlic extract and eugenol.

Keywords: antibacterial potency, garlic extract, eugenol, in vitro.

Abstract Helminthiasis still becomes a public health problem in developing country, including Indonesia.  Helminth infection can attack everyone in endemic area, including pregnant women. The aim of this study is to know the number of helminth infection and to determine the association of helminth infection with socio-economic and educational status in pregnant women.A cross-sectional method was used in this study. A total of 286 pregnant women living in Kelurahan Jati Sampurna and Jati Karya, Bekasi participated in the study.  Stool examination was used to screen intestinal helminth infection, and interviewed with questionnaires for socio-economic and educational status.From this study, we found that intestinal helminth infection in pregnant women was 32,3%. Helminth infections were higher in low socio-economic and education. There was a significant defference of socio-economic and educational status between pregnant women with and without helminth infection.This study shows that socio-economic and educational status play an important role in helminth infection status in pregnant women.  Keywords: helminth infection, pregnant woman